Celaleddin Harzemşah
Ruler of the Khwarazmshahs State
The last ruler of the Harzemshahs (B. ?, - D. 1231, near Silvan / Diyarbakir). There is not enough information about the date and place of birth. His real name is Mengü Bedri, also known as Celaleddin Mengüberdi. He is the eldest son of Alaaddin Muhammed, one of the rulers of Harzemşah, and Ayçiçek Hatun, a concubine of Indian origin.
At a young age, he was brought to the administration of the Gur region, the center of which was Ghazni. He joined expeditions with his father. In 1216, he defeated Genghis Khan's son, Cuci, in his war with the Mongols.
A Mongolian army of 10,000 people, under the command of Cigi-Kutuku Noyan, who was the manager and commander of Genghis Khan, in the Pervan region, north of Kabul, came face to face with Celaleddin's army. In the Battle of Pervan, the army of Harzemshah was victorious. Thus, the Battle of Pervan went down in history as the first major defeat of the Mongol armies. The victory of the Harzemshahs in Pervan put an end to the myth that the Mongols were an invincible power.
However, on August 10, 1230, he was defeated in the Battle of Yassıçimen with the Anatolian Seljuk and Mamluk armies. When Alaeddin Keykubad I took Erzurum and the Mamluks Ahlat, he had to make peace with them.
In August 1231, it was attacked by the Mongols on the banks of the Tigris. His army dispersed, he fled to the mountains in the Meyyafarkin (Silvan) region and lost his life in the attack there.